Stock Photo - Sunset over the small town of Pythagoreio on the greek island of Samos. Pythagoreio or Pythagoreion and Pythagorion is a small town and former municipality on the island of Samos, North Aegean, Greece. It is the largest municipal unit in land area on Samos, at 164. 662 km2 (63. 576 sq mi). IThe town has designated a joint UNESCO World Heritage Site with nearby Heraion. The seat of the municipality was the town of Pythagoreio, formerly known as Tigani. The town was renamed in 1955 to honour the locally born mathematician and philosopher Pythagoras. The port of the town is considered to be the oldest man-made port of the Mediterranean Sea.